Our Human Herds: The Theory of Dual Morality (Abridged) (2024)

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Adnan Oktar (Harun Yahya)If you could stop for a moment and think about your life, you would notice that all your memories, even though they might comprise those of several decades, would add up to only a few minutes of conversation. What you once considered important, or had greatly looked forward to, or sought to avoid, are all now part of the past. Whatever remains of these thoughts and feelings are just memories.However, in the sight of God, each word you uttered, and every thought that crossed your mind, are known to Him. After death, which is destined to happen to every one of us, their records will be unfolded before us. Our life, which will then seem to have been only minutes, will be presented to us moment after moment, without even a single instant missing. In the sight of God, no detail of your life is forgotten.If you have spent your life submitting to God's absolute sovereignty, in every aspect of your life, accepted the purpose of His creation, and, thereby, recognized the good in all things, and been aware of the ultimate perfection in every instant of the divine plan decreed by God, then you can be certain that the end-result for you will be good.That is because, at death, man is faced with two choices; if one has lived by the values proclaimed by God, he will attain eternal salvation. Otherwise, he will suffer everlasting torment. The morality God demands be adopted by His servants is a feeling of gratitude towards Him, in every instance, no matter what the conditions and circumstances may be, and having faith that ultimately there is good in whatever befalls us, by being aware that everything is from God.To become accepting of everything that befalls us, having faith that there is good in each and every case, however seemingly adverse, and being instead thankful for every instance, is by no means an unattainable ideal. Rather, it is a truth, recognizable through a grasp of God's greatness and exaltedness. One needs only to know his Lord, the Creator of this world and every circumstance in his life, and to be grateful towards Him for that very reason.From the moment a person opens his eyes to the world, it is God Who ordains every event that takes place in his life. God is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise and the All-Just. All is created by God in compliance with a plan, and for a divine purpose just as He says in a verse of the Qur'an, "Indeed, all things We created with predestination." (Surat al-Qamar: 49) In light of God's infinite might and superiority, man is merely a feeble being. Without God's blessings he cannot survive. Through his ability to understand and reason, man can grasp realities only to the extent that his Creator allows him. This being the case, submission to God's infinite wisdom and the divine purpose He had ordained in all things, is a fundamental requirement upon each and every one of us. No matter what we may experience in life, we must remain aware that God is the Sovereign Lord of the entire universe, that He knows, sees and hears what we cannot, that He is knowledgeable even of that which might take place or occur of which we are unaware, and thus, we are to realize that it is God who causes every occurrence to happen, and according to a divine purpose: for our own good.Putting faith in this truth should inspire us with a better outlook, by which we feel grateful for everything that befalls us. In other words, a person will try to recognize the "good" in everything he hears, in every sight he sees, in every incident he experiences, in brief, in every moment of his life, and thereby, achieve a proper understanding of the meaning of this life. Making the right choice between those offered to him, expressed in the Qur'an as, "We guided him on the Way, whether he is thankful or unthankful" (Surat al-Insan: 3), man will, by God's Will, attain the supreme end-result, that is, the eternal life in paradise.The purpose of this book is to make light of the beauty of living with the recognition that there is good in every moment one experiences, and every incident one encounters, and to remind ourselves of the blessings such an outlook on life brings, both in this world and beyond. Likewise, by exposing that which hinders a person from seeing this good, this book may aid in saving one from succumbing to a way of thinking opposed to Islam. This book is intended to encourage man towards adopting the proper moral principles by which he will say, "There is good in this", not by mere words, but with his heart, and showing patience in the face of difficulties with heartfelt submission and gratitude, rather than merely enduring the situation. For, to remind each other of the perfection of the destiny ordained by God, it is to summon all believers to enjoy the pleasure of submitting to His infinite wisdom.

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Adnan Oktar (Harun Yahya)Allah created the angels and jinn before He created the Prophet Adam. They were glorifying Allah with praise. Then, Allah created Adam (as), the first human being, and commanded the angels to prostrate themselves to him.With wholehearted obedience, the angels complied with Allah' s command and prostrated themselves to Adam. Yet, Iblis (Diabolis), one of the jinn, rebelled against this command. That is because, he believed that he was superior to Adam (as). Out of this arrogance, he replied to the question posed to him by Allah: "Iblis, what prevented you prostrating to what I created with My own Hands? Were you overcome by arrogance or are you one of the exalted?" (Surah Sad: 75), as follows:"I am better than him. You created me from fire but You created him from clay."(Surah Sad: 76)Iblis, who dared such a disobedience to Allah' s command, was denounced by Allah and was destined to the eternal torment of Hell.The reason why Iblis revolted against Allah was due to his "arrogance," or to put it in other words, "vanity." What instilled these feelings of pride in Iblis was a vice he had allowed to grow within himself: "Ego"…The equivalent term of "ego" in Arabic (enaniyet) is a derivative of the word ene. It means attributing a separate existence to one' s self, seeing one' s existence apart from and independent of Allah, and orienting one' s deeds, attitudes and outlook by it.Arrogance, on the other hand, is merely one of the manifestations of "Ego." Once a person builds an "ego-centered attitude," eventually he will begin to boast about the qualities and means Allah had granted to him as blessings, such that, these means become the presumed justification of his flawed mindset.No matter the circumstances, such a person sees himself superior and greatly valuable. In the Qur' an, such a person is said to deify himself.Consequently, arrogance and, in connection with it, vanity, equals to associating partners to Allah and disbelief. In fact, this vice of Iblis' is explained thus: "... Iblis who was arrogant and was one of the disbelievers." (Surah Sad: 74)The arrogance of Iblis, which made itself evident when he was commanded to prostrate to Adam (as), ultimately resulted in eternal torment for him. This account indicates how great a danger arrogance is to those who harbour this evil feeling in their heart.Arrogance is Satan' s most fundamental character flaw. Consequently, "arrogance" and "vanity," which is its derivative, are the source of all evil and perversion. As it was the case with millions of people who have lived in the past, these flaws for which Satan was guilty have also seized control of the base natures of innumerable number of people living today, drag them into the same evil ways of Iblis.An arrogant person, that is, someone who attributes an independent power to himself, and thus shows an undue arrogance towards Allah, and turns his back to His verses, is continually vulnerable to Satan' s wiles. The purpose of this book is to present all the aspects of arrogance and the character flaws of a person who is seized by this malady, and to summon all, upon whom Satan exerts his influence, to avoid him and to cleanse themselves of this evil.With these aims in mind, throughout the book, we will consider the psychological condition of vain people, in relation to the fault of "arrogance," which is their inherent flaw.We hope that this book serves as a strong warning to all of our readers to shun this evil vice of Iblis' .

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Our Human Herds: The Theory of Dual Morality (Abridged) (2024)

FAQs

What is the concept of dual morality? ›

Notes: It is Machiavelli who gave the concept of Dual Morality that means morality of Prince is different from the morality of the common man=n. The State has morality of its own that is morality of success and individual has to display the qualities that were in consonance with the highest moral standards.

What is an example of a dual morality? ›

The Dual Morality:

The account manager and the father are the same man with two sets of values: one set he uses at work, the other he uses at home. The account manager deceives the potential client, the father reprimands the son for being dishonest.

What is herd morality and how does it relate to master morality? ›

Master-morality values power, nobility, and independence: it stands “beyond good and evil.” Slave-morality values sympathy, kindness, and humility and is regarded by Nietzsche as “herd-morality.”

Why is the human person called the only moral creature what makes him or her moral? ›

What makes the human “the only moral creature” is his/her ability to understand human moral rules and principles. Humans are the only moral creature because we are the only creature capable of reason. Morality requires reason to determine right from wrong.

What is the dual process theory of morality? ›

Dual process theory within moral psychology is an influential theory of human moral judgement that posits that human beings possess two distinct cognitive subsystems that compete in moral reasoning processes: one fast, intuitive and emotionally-driven, the other slow, requiring conscious deliberation and a higher ...

What are the two theories of morality? ›

Contractualism. An action is morally wrong if it is an act that would be forbidden by principles that rational persons could not reasonably reject (Scanlon). Virtue Ethics. The right action is the action that a virtuous person would characteristically perform in the circumstances (Hursthouse 1999).

What are the criticism of dual process theory? ›

Critics argue that the division into System 1 and System 2 is overly simplistic and not supported by consistent empirical data (Grayot, 2019). Theoretical Vagueness: The theory is seen as vague concerning the mechanisms and interactions between the two systems.

What are the two concepts of morality? ›

Descriptive morality is relative to the culture and individual. Normative morality concerns objective questioning of right and wrong, rather than subjective cultural standards.

What is the meaning of moral duality? ›

Moral dualism is the belief of the great complement of, or conflict between, the benevolent and the malevolent. It simply implies that there are two moral opposites at work, independent of any interpretation of what might be "moral" and independent of how these may be represented.

Does morality depend on God or religion? ›

Religion and morality are not synonymous. Though religion may depend on morality, and even develop alongside morality, morality does not necessarily depend upon religion, despite some making "an almost automatic assumption" to this effect.

What is a real life example of master morality? ›

In Nietzsche's essay, the primary example of master morality is the wealthy society with rich people. However, the nobility is another potential example of people who may display characteristics of master morality. Nobles may feel that they alone control their actions and the outcomes of those actions.

What is the herd instinct morality? ›

Morality itself is «the herd instinct within the single individual »; its «terrain» is developed «when a collective individual, such as, for example, society or the State, subdues single individuals, drawing them out of their isolation and organising them into an association», and they interiorise the logic of the herd ...

Can morality exist without God? ›

Secular humanism focuses on the way human beings can lead happy and functional lives. It posits that human beings are capable of being ethical and moral without religion or God, it neither assumes humans to be inherently evil or innately good, nor presents humans as "above nature" or superior to it.

What do you call a person without morals? ›

Immoral, amoral, nonmoral, and unmoral are sometimes confused with one another. Immoral means not moral and connotes evil or licentious behavior.

Are we born with morality? ›

Moral sense is naturally present in a human being, irrespective of their age. Infants and young children possess natural morality that allows them to distinguish between the simple definitions of proper and improper.

What is the concept of dual? ›

Dual aspect concept is also described as the duality principle. This concept explains that if something is given, someone will receive it. This can be explained as whenever a transaction occurs, there is a two-sided effect, one is credit, and the other is debit for a similar amount.

What is an example of a double standard morality? ›

Men can vote, while women cannot. It is acceptable for people from one religion to live in a neighborhood but not others. People of one ethnicity have to pay extra taxes, while others pay less. These are all examples of double standards that have been used to enforce serious discrimination around the world.

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